Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41334588›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2026

Movement Disorders Associated with 22q11.2 Microdeletion: A Scoping Review.

Nikolai Gil D Reyes, Daniel G Di Luca, Connie Marras, Erik Boot, Ryan K C Yuen, Anthony E Lang, Anne S Bassett

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nikolai Gil D ReyesInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Daniel G Di LucaEdmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, the Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Centre, and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Connie MarrasEdmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, the Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Centre, and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Erik BootDalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ryan K C YuenGenetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anthony E LangEdmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, the Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Centre, and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anne S BassettInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMovement disorders have recently emerged as important neurologic manifestations of the 22q11.2 microdeletion that affects nearly one in every 2000 live births.

objectiveWe aimed to map the existing evidence regarding the spectrum, diagnosis and treatment, and etiopathogenesis of movement disorders associated with 22q11.2 microdeletion, highlight key gaps, and provide recommendations for future research.

methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and reference lists to identify relevant clinical and preclinical studies, and summarize data on clinico-pathologic features, risk factors, and pathophysiology of movement disorders associated with molecularly defined 22q11.2 microdeletions.

resultsForty-three (clinical: n = 41/43, 95%; preclinical: n = 2/43, 5%) studies met eligibility criteria. Most clinical studies (35/41, 85%) involved adults, of which 51% (21/41) were case series/reports, and the remainder observational studies. Key findings included: (1) emphasis on parkinsonism but emerging evidence for multiple other motor phenotypes, (2) non-specific findings on routine neuroimaging, albeit with promising early results of certain modalities (eg, volumetric analyses, molecular imaging) and fluid-based biomarkers, particularly for parkinsonism, and (3) multifaceted etiologic and pathophysiologic processes beyond those attributable to medication side effects. Prevailing gaps include research design limitations, heterogeneity of diagnostic methods, and limited systematic data on etiopathogenesis and treatments.

conclusionsCurrent evidence supports an expanding spectrum of motor phenotypes associated with 22q11.2 microdeletion, with emerging data reporting potentially useful clinical markers and non-drug-related risk modifiers and underlying mechanisms. Addressing prevailing gaps will require enhanced research designs with up-to-date diagnostic and genetic methodologies, robust preclinical models, and cross-disciplinary collaborations.

Indexed as

DiGeorge SyndromeMovement DisordersChromosome DeletionHumans22q11.2 deletion syndrome22q11.2 microdeletionmotor dysfunctionmovement disorder

Identifiers

PMID41334588
PMCPMC13306891

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.