Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41333406›Full record

ArticleResearch square2025

First-in-line 3D-printed intravaginal ring for nonhormonal contraception.

Sarah Anne Howard, Maimoona S Bhutta, Rima Janusziewicz, Andrés Prieto Trujillo, Ava L Cohen, Gustavo F Doncel, S Rahima Benhabbour

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarah Anne HowardDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Maimoona S BhuttaCONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Rima JanusziewiczLampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Andrés Prieto TrujilloDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ava L CohenLampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Gustavo F DoncelCONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
S Rahima BenhabbourDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-5871

Funding

Next Generation Multipurpose Intravaginal Ring Technology Using Innovative CLIP 3D PrintingR01AI150358 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BENHABBOUR, SOUMYA RAHIMA · 2020 to 2024
$4.1M
Innovative 3D Printed Intravaginal Rings: Reengineering Multipurpose Intravaginal Rings for Prevention of HIV, STIs and Unintended PregnancyR61AI136002 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BENHABBOUR, SOUMYA RAHIMA · 2018 to 2019
$920k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150358NIAID NIH HHS R61 AI136002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With nearly half of all pregnancies occurring unintended, effective and acceptable contraceptive options remain a global necessity. Though contraceptives with extended durations of action reduce the need for strict daily adherence, thus enhancing compliance and reliability, only one of these methods - the copper intrauterine device (IUD) - prevents pregnancy without administering exogenous hormones. Herein, we demonstrate co-delivery of two nonhormonal contraceptive agents, lactic acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML), using a next-generation 3D-printed intravaginal ring (IVR). Through alterations in ring properties and drug loading, a range of LA and GML release rates were achieved

Indexed as

3D printed IVRlong-acting deliveryNonhormonal contraceptionspermicidal activitysperm motility

Identifiers

PMID41333406
PMCPMC12668138

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.