Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41331707›Full record

ArticleBMC chemistry2025

Synthesis and thermo-oxidative kinetic analysis of cellulose microfibers from palm leaves using ammonia fiber expansion.

Ismail Badran, Duha Yousef, Abdallah D Manasrah, Derar Al-Smadi, Kotaybah Hashlamoun, Nashaat N Nassar

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Article in BMC chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ismail BadranDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. i.badran@najah.edu.
Duha YousefDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Abdallah D ManasrahDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Derar Al-SmadiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Kotaybah HashlamounDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Nashaat N NassarDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Global urbanization is driving high volumes of agricultural and food waste, creating an urgent need for sustainable and effective technologies to convert biomass into valuable products. This study explores the conversion of palm waste into cellulose microfibers (CMF) using Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) followed by acid hydrolysis, with a focus on structural characterization, thermal stability, and reaction kinetics compared to raw material. The resulting CMF exhibited elongated, uniform fibers with smooth surfaces, with lengths of 0.1-3.0 mm, and diameters of 5-20 μm. X-ray analysis revealed a significant increase in the carbon/oxygen ratio, from 1.8 ± 0.2 in raw palm leaves to 2.7 ± 0.3 in CMF, indicating enhanced carbon content due to dehydration and reduction of carbonyl groups. FTIR spectra confirmed effective removal of lignin and hemicellulose after treatment, further supporting this chemical transformation. Thermal analysis demonstrated that CMF possesses higher heat content than raw leaves, suggesting its potential for energy-related applications. TGA showed that CMF decomposes at slightly higher temperatures, indicating improved thermal stability. Isoconversional kinetic analysis using the Vyazovkin Nonlinear (NLN) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods revealed variable effective activation energies (E

Indexed as

Agricultural wasteAmmonia fiber expansionCellulose microfibersIsoconversional kineticsSustainable biomass conversion

Identifiers

PMID41331707
PMCPMC12777295

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.