Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
Positive effects of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling on perception of effort, cerebral blood flow, and cognition in post-stroke patients.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The combination of low-intensity resistance exercise and electrical muscle stimulation effectively enhances executive function in men.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2026Trial
- All Is Relative-A Call for Considering "Physiologically Informed" Control Conditions to Improve the Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognition.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Review
- Cerebrovascular and cognitive responses to bilateral simultaneous versus unilateral alternating quadriceps electrical muscle stimulation in healthy young men.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Functional electrical stimulation for unilateral spatial neglect after stroke: A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Feasibility of AI-driven multichannel FES-assisted gait and cycling training in chronic neurological disorders: a case series.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFunctional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling may reduce perceived effort by lowering the required motor command compared to voluntary cycling. While benefits on effort perception have been shown during walking in stroke and multiple sclerosis patients, its effectiveness during cycling in stroke rehabilitation remains unproven. Thus, this work aimed to test the effect of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling on stroke patients’ perception of effort (primary aim) in a randomized controlled study design. In an exploratory way, this work also aimed to examine the effect of FES-assisted cycling on cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance (exploratory aims) in a subsample.
methodsFifteen post-stroke patients completed functional electrical stimulation-assisted (Kurage, Lyon, France) and traditional cycling sessions separated by 72 h. Perceived effort, cardio, and cerebrovascular parameters were monitored during exercise. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after each session. Qualitative data were reported after both sessions.
resultsPatients reported a lower perceived effort during functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling than traditional cycling. Both sessions increased heart rate, end-tidal CO2, cardiac output, and cerebral artery blood flow velocity, with higher blood lactate levels after functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling. Traditional and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling positively impacted cognitive performance, with more pronounced improvements observed in the FES condition.
conclusionTraditional and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling induced similar increased cardio and cerebrovascular responses. However, patients perceived functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling as less effortful than traditional cycling. As effort is a barrier to regular exercise engagement and adherence, these results are promising for implementing functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in stroke patients’ rehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.