Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41331610›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Adult-use cannabis legalization in the united states: a scoping review of outcome monitoring recommendations.

Yang Liu, Adekemi O Suleiman, Marissa G Iverson, Alison Wiser, Shayna D Cunningham, Megan A O'Grady

Abstract readScoping Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yang LiuDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Adekemi O SuleimanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Marissa G IversonLyman Maynard Stowe Library, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
Alison WiserDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Shayna D CunninghamDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Megan A O'GradyDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA. ogrady@uchc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLegalization of adult-use cannabis continues to expand across the United States. However, little is known about recommendations for monitoring its public health impacts. This scoping review will identify the scope and size of the literature on cannabis outcome monitoring and provide valuable insights to enhance evidence-based decision-making, data monitoring, prevention planning, and policy development.

methodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global, and the Trip Database were searched from date of inception to 08/11/2025 and the RAND, Brookings Institute, and Pew Research Center websites were searched on 08/11/2025 to retrieve records using identified search terms. Reports from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists website were also identified. Reviewers screened abstracts and titles for outcome monitoring recommendations related to adult-use cannabis to identify the initial set of articles to be considered; full articles were then screened for final inclusion. All screening used established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included articles were coded into key areas of monitoring recommendations using a standardized form.

resultsA total of 4,284 records were extracted for screening after the removal of duplicates and 363 additional records were identified by searching other identified sources (e.g., RAND website). After initial screening of titles and abstracts using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and full screening of retrieved papers, 110 papers were included in the review. Extraction and analysis of the data from these papers resulted in seven key areas for cannabis outcome monitoring: Cannabis use and attitudes towards and perceptions of use; Public safety and criminal legal system; Market practice and regulation; Health-related indicators; Hospitalization, emergency department visits, treatment admissions, and other health services data; Social equity; and Other methods to monitor adult-use cannabis outcome. Methodological recommendations, key lessons, and any other recommendations were also identified.

conclusionsMonitoring cannabis outcomes amid a rapidly changing legal landscape is complex due to the limitations of the current data systems, datasets, and methods. Future work is needed to identify best practices in monitoring outcomes to influence prevention, treatment, and policy.

Indexed as

CannabisLegislation, DrugMarijuana UseAdultHumansUnited StatesAdult-use cannabis legalizationAdult-use cannabis policyCannabis outcome monitoringCannabis public health impactRecreational cannabisSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID41331610
PMCPMC12781342

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.