Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41331221›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Engineering Charge Heterogeneity in COF/Graphene Hydrogels for Salt-Resistant Solar Evaporation.

Shuwen Jia, Yanrui Li, Guangyu He, Xinda Nan, Xiao Xiao, Chuan Wang, Arne Thomas, Changxia Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shuwen JiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
Yanrui LiSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
Guangyu HeDepartment of Chemistry, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
Xinda NanSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
Xiao XiaoDepartment of Chemistry, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
Chuan WangSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
Arne ThomasDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
Changxia LiSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-3649

Funding

German research foundation (DFG)Jiangsu Province Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program JSTJ-2025-083Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program of Jiangsu ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of China 22401236
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology offers a sustainable solution for water treatment, however, its efficiency in marine environments is often hindered by salt accumulation. Here, a series of covalent organic framework (COF)/graphene hydrogels with controllable charge distributions is reported, including homo- and hetero-charged as well as zwitterionic surface functionalities. By adjusting the ratio of anionic and cationic building blocks during COF synthesis, the surface charge of the hydrogel evaporator is continuously modulated at the molecular level. The hetero-charged and zwitterionic hydrogels enable faster water evaporation in seawater than in pure water by reducing the evaporation enthalpy. In particular, the hetero-charged hydrogel achieves an evaporation rate of up to 3.23 kg m

Indexed as

covalent organic frameworksevaporationheterocharged hydrogelsalt‐resistant

Identifiers

PMID41331221
PMCPMC12904044

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.