Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41331028›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Molecular and serological evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and Borrelia co-infection in Ixodes ricinus and humans in north-eastern Poland.

Katarzyna Kubiak, Hanna Szymańska, Sylwia Krzętowska, Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka, Barbara Dolińska, Marta Łukian, Anna Bieńkowska, Piotr Kocbach

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katarzyna KubiakDepartment of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 14c, Olsztyn, 10- 561, Poland. katarzyna.kubiak@uwm.edu.pl.
Hanna SzymańskaDepartment of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 14c, Olsztyn, 10- 561, Poland.
Sylwia KrzętowskaEpidemiological and Clinical Research Laboratory, Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, Zolnierska 16, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland.
Blanka Wolszczak-BiedrzyckaDepartment of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland.
Barbara DolińskaEpidemiological and Clinical Research Laboratory, Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, Zolnierska 16, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland.
Marta ŁukianEpidemiological and Clinical Research Laboratory, Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, Zolnierska 16, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland.
Anna BieńkowskaDepartment of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland.
Piotr KocbachDepartment of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are considered emerging vector-borne infectious diseases with potentially severe consequences for public health, particularly in the temperate regions of Europe. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and the diversity of Rickettsia spp. in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in north-eastern Poland, evaluate the serological evidence of exposure to SFG rickettsiae among adult residents of this region, as well as to determine the level of SFG rickettsiae co-infection with Borrelia spirochaetes in ticks and humans. In a total of 4090 ticks, the presence of Rickettsia spp. was detected by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. IgG antibodies against SFG Rickettsia and Borrelia were detected using ELISA. Rickettsial DNA was revealed in 11.3% of females, 11.8% of males and nymphs of 6.5% (MIR, minimum infection rate). Based on DNA sequencing, R. helvetica and R. monacensis were identified. IgG antibodies against SFG rickettsiae were confirmed in 38.7% of adult residents of north-eastern Poland. The co-infection rate of SFG rickettsiae with Borrelia spirochaetes in questing adult I. ricinus ticks was low (2.6%), compared to the co-infection rate (16.1%) observed based on the presence of immunological responses in the study group of residents from northeastern Poland. These findings provide important evidence filling the gap between the environmental detection of SFG rickettsiae in vector populations and the limited number of diagnosed clinical cases in humans.

Indexed as

BorreliaCoinfectionIxodesRickettsiaSpotted Fever Group RickettsiosisAdultAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialDNA, BacterialFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedPolandAntibodies, BacterialDNA, BacterialImmunoglobulin GCity residentsCoinfectionForest workersIxodes ricinusSeroprevalence

Identifiers

PMID41331028
PMCPMC12783853

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.