ArticleScientific reports2025
Eco-friendly tassel-derived activated carbon for efficient dye removal in wastewater treatment.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study introduces a sustainable method for wastewater treatment by creating activated carbon from the fast-growing tassels of Phragmites australis, an invasive and low-cost biomass source. Its novelty lies in being the first to use the tassel part (inflorescence) of Phragmites australis as a precursor for activated carbon, demonstrating its excellent ability to remove Alizarin Red S (ARS), an anionic dye not previously studied with any Phragmites australis-based adsorbent. The resulting tassel-activated carbon (TAC) showed a high surface area (1166.16 m²/g), pore volume (1.5038 cm³/g), and abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, confirmed by FTIR and XPS analyses. These structural features greatly improved its adsorption capacity for hazardous dyes like ARS and Methylene Blue (MB). The maximum adsorption capacities reached 541 mg/g for ARS and 860 mg/g for MB. Kinetic studies followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption, while equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic results showed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption for ARS and spontaneous and exothermic adsorption for MB. TAC maintained high stability and reusability, retaining over 85% efficiency after seven adsorption-desorption cycles. Additionally, TAC effectively removed dyes from real water samples, including tap, Nile, and sewage water, demonstrating its practical potential. These findings position TAC as a promising, scalable, and eco-friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment, supporting sustainable waste valorization and cleaner aquatic environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.