ArticleInsights into imaging2025
Localization of obstruction sites in obstructive azoospermia: role of combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography.
Article in Insights into imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography in predicting sites of obstructive azoospermia. MATERIALS AND
methodsFrom June 2019 to March 2023, 166 obstructive azoospermia patients who underwent surgical exploration were enrolled in the retrospective study. The data of combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography in 166 patients were collected and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these ultrasonographic measurements for localizing different obstructive sites.
resultsThere were 9 sides of intratesticular obstruction, 239 sides of epididymal obstruction, 68 sides of vas deferens obstruction, and 16 sides of ejaculatory duct obstruction. The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) for combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography were 44.4%, 98.5% and 0.714 for diagnosing intratesticular obstruction; 97.9%, 84.9% and 0.919 for diagnosing epididymal obstruction; 82.4%, 99.2% and 0.913 for diagnosing vas deferens obstruction; and 87.5%, 99.1% and 0.93 for diagnosing ejaculatory duct obstruction. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 88.9%, 83.9% and 0.842 in diagnosing intratesticular obstruction for a rete testis thickness cut-off of 3.0 mm; 81.0%, 100% and 0.949 in diagnosing vas deferens obstruction for a 0.8 mm cutoff for the internal diameter of the scrotal section of the vas deferens; and 62.5%, 92.6% and 0.769 in diagnosing ejaculatory duct obstruction for a seminal vesicle diameter cut-off of 12.5 mm.
conclusionCombined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography, evaluating specific structures of rete testis thickness, seminal vesicle diameter, and the internal diameter of the scrotal vas deferens, could accurately localize obstruction sites in obstructive azoospermia patients. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated high diagnostic performance in predicting the sites of epididymal, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct obstruction in patients with obstructive azoospermia. KEY POINTS: The diagnostic performance of combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography in obstructive azoospermia was evaluated. Ultrasound measurements of specific structures significantly improve the prediction of obstruction sites. Combined transscrotal-transrectal ultrasonography accurately localizes obstruction sites in obstructive azoospermia patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.