Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41329325›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience bulletin2026

The Secondary Motor Cortex-External Globus Pallidus Pathway Regulates Auditory Feedback of Volitional Control.

Shengtao Luo, Yuchen Fan, Feiyang Yu, Xiaopeng Zhou, Ke Hu, Hang Yi, Hui Zhou, Tao Li, Jiang-Fan Chen, Liping Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shengtao Luo *The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Yuchen Fan *The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Feiyang YuThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Xiaopeng ZhouThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Ke HuThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Hang YiThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Hui ZhouThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Tao LiThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Jiang-Fan ChenThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. Chenjf555@eye.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-3956
Liping ZhangThe Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. lip_zhang@eye.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-4874

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effective use of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) requires the ability to suppress a planned action (volitional inhibition) for adaptable control in real-world scenarios, but their mechanisms are unclear. Here, we used fiber photometry to monitor external globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons' activity in mice during a volitional stop-signal task (67% GO, 33% NO-GO). GPe/STN neurons (receiving M2 projections) responded to auditory cues, feedback, and rewards in both trials. Importantly, chemogenetic activation of the M2-GPe pathway enhanced volitional inhibition by modulating auditory feedback response, yet inhibited GPe neurons' feedback response. Furthermore, time-locked optogenetic inhibition of M2-projecting GPe neurons at auditory feedback also enhanced volitional inhibition via prolonged GO trial response times. Collectively, these findings identified the M2-GPe pathway for auditory biofeedback to improve volitional control, offering novel avenues for the advancement of neural interfaces for biofeedback and enhancement of BCI efficacy.

Indexed as

Feedback, SensoryGlobus PallidusMotor CortexVolitionAcoustic StimulationAnimalsBrain-Computer InterfacesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeural PathwaysNeuronsOptogeneticsSubthalamic NucleusAuditory feedbackBCIBiofeedbackExternal globus pallidus (GPe)Secondary motor cortex (M2)Volitional controlVolitional inhibition

Identifiers

PMID41329325
PMCPMC13221500

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.