ArticleNeotropical entomology2025
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids associated with a commercial acerola orchards in Parnaíba River Valley, Brazil.
Article in Neotropical entomology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The lower Parnaíba River Valley is Brazil's main area for organic acerola Malpighia emarginata DC. (Malpighiaceae) production. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the greatest obstacles to acerola cultivation. This study aimed to survey the biodiversity, population fluctuation, and trophic interactions of fruit flies and their parasitoids in commercial organic acerola orchards. Weekly samples were taken over 12 months in two orchards, using acerola fruits and McPhail traps. From 16,000 fruits, 18,675 pupae were recovered, resulting in specimens of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (n = 1,815), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (n = 206), and the parasitoids Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (n = 2,498), Opius bellus Gahan (n = 86), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (n = 20) emerged. Trap collections revealed A. obliqua (n = 8,249) and males of Anastrepha spp. (n = 2,935), C. capitata (n = 138), and Anastrepha alveata (Stone) (n = 4). Anastrepha obliqua was the predominant species in both fruits and traps, while D. areolatus was the most abundant parasitoid species. Acerola fruits serve as key reservoirs for the reproduction of fruit flies and their parasitoids. The population fluctuation of fruit flies in acerola orchards changed throughout the year, influenced by weather factors like temperature and relative humidit, and host availability. In spring, there was a noticeable increase in infestation, adult emergence, and trap captures. This study also documented the first record of A. obliqua, A. alveata, O. bellus, and U. anastrephae in the lower Parnaíba River Valley, expanding knowledge of the natural distribution and tri-trophic interactions of these species across the Americas.
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