ArticleCureus2025
Assessment of Psychological Comorbidities Among Noncommunicable Disease Patients in Rural and Urban Areas of a District in Northern India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and stress are two to threefold higher among patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). These comorbidities are common in individuals with chronic NCDs and are linked to increased mortality and poorer health outcomes. Psychiatric disorders in patients with physical ailments are more likely to be associated with poor lifestyle choices and noncompliance with therapy, greater treatment costs, poor quality of life, deteriorating physical health, absenteeism from work, more hospitalizations, poor self-care, and increased mortality. AIM AND
objectivesThis article aims to assess psychological comorbidities among patients with noncommunicable diseases in rural and urban areas of Etawah, a district in northern India. MATERIALS AND
methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in both rural and urban areas of Etawah between October 2022 and March 2024. The study included 600 adults aged 18 years and above, of either gender, with one or more noncommunicable diseases. Participants were recruited through a multistage random sampling process. The study subjects were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQs) for psychological comorbidities. The university's ethical committee granted approval before the start of the study. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York), was used for statistical analysis after the data from the selected study units were entered into the SPSS spreadsheet.
resultsOf the 600 study subjects, 306 had at least one psychological comorbidity, accounting for a total prevalence of 51.0%. The prevalence was higher in the urban areas (55.3%) compared with the rural areas (46.7%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034). Stress was the most common psychological comorbidity (50.0%), while anxiety and depression were present in 7.2% and 8.5% of study subjects, respectively.
conclusionThere was a much higher burden of psychological comorbidities, mainly stress, affecting more than half of the study subjects. In comparison, anxiety and depression were observed more frequently among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), and cancers. The burden of psychological comorbidities was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural ones. Therefore, more research is required to evaluate the factors that predict psychological comorbidities among NCD patients in rural and urban areas to alleviate the burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.