Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41328104›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Unraveling the Complexity: A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, and Autoimmune Cholangitis.

Rupam Sharma, Kevin T Dao, Jose Garcia-Corella, Harmanjeet Dhillon, Ishaan Kalha, Stanley Kim, William R Stull, Greti Petersen

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rupam SharmaInternal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
Kevin T DaoInternal Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Jose Garcia-CorellaInternal Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Harmanjeet DhillonInternal Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Ishaan KalhaGastroenterology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Stanley KimHematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
William R StullPathology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.
Greti PetersenInternal Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA), and autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) are three distinct autoimmune conditions, each posing its own clinical challenges. The coexistence of these diseases in a single patient, however, is exceedingly rare and presents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. SLE is an autoimmune disease that can cause a constellation of pathologies that affect various organs. WAIHA involves the premature destruction of red blood cells due to immunoglobulin (IgG) autoantibodies, leading to hemolytic anemia. AIC is characterized by features of both autoimmune hepatitis and cholestatic liver disease, which adds further complexity to this overlap syndrome. Herein presented is a case of a patient with simultaneous SLE, WAIHA, and AIC, highlighting the overlapping symptoms, diagnostic challenges, and the multifaceted approach to management. The case underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to address the interplay of multiple autoimmune disorders, given the risk of therapeutic conflicts and disease progression.

Indexed as

autoimmune cholangitisautoimmune hepatitismultidisciplinary approachoverlap syndrome (os)systemic lupus erythematosuswarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Identifiers

PMID41328104
PMCPMC12664770

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.