Potentially toxic elements in the Bangladeshi diet: An assessment of plant-based foods from a rural market.

Shamim Al Mamun, Jannatara Ferdush, Alisha Islam, Sowmik Das Sowmya, Brett H Robinson, Ismail Rahman

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shamim Al MamunSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.

Jannatara FerdushDepartment of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.

Alisha IslamDepartment of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.

Sowmik Das SowmyaInstitute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Brett H RobinsonSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.

Ismail RahmanInstitute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Contamination of staple foods with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses significant health concerns. Following reports of elevated concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in Bangladeshi soils, we aimed to determine the concentrations of these elements in commonly consumed vegetables (n = 10 species) and rice (n = 5 varieties) collected from markets in the Jamalpur district, Bangladesh, a representative rural market, to evaluate the associated human health risks. Mean PTE concentrations in vegetables frequently exceeded FAO/WHO food safety standards (FSS). All rice samples exceeded the FSS limits for Cd, Ni, and Pb, with 80 % exceeding the Cr limits. Health risks were calculated using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target carcinogenic risk (TCR). While cumulative non-carcinogenic risks (HI < 1) were within acceptable levels for both adults and children, the EDI values for Cd, Ni, and Pb in adults, as well as Cd and Cr in children, exceeded their respective tolerable daily intakes (TDI). The TCR for Cd and Cr exceeded the USEPA threshold (10

Indexed as

Bangladeshi dietHealth riskPotentially toxic elementsRiceVegetables

Identifiers

PMID41328050

DOI10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102142

PMCPMC12664800

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.