ArticleJournal of animal science and biotechnology2025
Short- and long-term dietary supplementation as well as withdrawal of the enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol reveal distinct effects on the rumen microbial community.
Article in Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis, but whether short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen microbiota in beef cattle and how microbes change after 3-NOP withdrawal have not been studied. This study investigated changes in rumen bacteria, archaea, and protozoa after ST and LT dietary supplementation and removal of 3-NOP using metataxonomic analysis.
resultsA total of 143 rumen samples were collected from two beef cattle studies with 3-NOP supplementation. The ST study (95 samples) used eight ruminally cannulated beef cattle in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 28-d of 3-NOP treatments [mg/kg of dry matter (DM)]: control: 0, low: 53, med: 161, and high: 345. The LT study (48 samples) was a completely randomized design with two 3-NOP treatments [control: 0, and high: 280 mg/kg of DM) fed for 112-d followed by a 16-d withdrawal (without 3-NOP). Bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly affected by 3-NOP supplementation but limited effects on protozoal communities were observed. Under ST supplementation, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter (Mbb.) ruminantium, Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5, and Entodinium were increased (Q < 0.05), whereas those of Mbb. gottschalkii and Epidinium were decreased (Q < 0.05) with 3-NOP supplementation. In LT study, relative abundances of Mbb. ruminantium, and Methanosphaera sp. Group5 were increased (Q < 0.05), while those of Saccharofermentans and Mbb. gottschalkii were decreased (Q < 0.05) with 3-NOP supplementation. Comparison between 3-NOP supplementation and the withdrawal revealed increased relative abundances of Clostridia UCG-014 and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group and decreased those of Eubacterium nodatum group and Methanosphaera sp. Group5 (P < 0.05) after 3-NOP withdrawal. Further comparison of rumen microbiota between control and 3-NOP withdrawal showed significantly higher (P = 0.029) relative abundances of Eggerthellaceae DNF00809, p-1088-a5 gut group, and Family XII UCG-001 in control group while no significant differences were detected for archaea and protozoa. Microbial network analysis revealed that microbial interactions differed by both 3-NOP dose and durations.
conclusionsBoth ST and LT supplementation affected overall rumen microbial profile, with individual microbial groups responded to 3-NOP supplementation differently. After 3-NOP withdrawal, not all microbes showed recovery, indicating that the 3-NOP driven shifts were only partially reversible. These findings provide an understanding of the effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbial communities and their adaptability to methane mitigation strategies.
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