Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41326681›Full record

ReviewNature protocols2026

Assaying the myosin super-relaxed state across muscle types, cells and proteins for understanding muscle biology and use in drug discovery.

Samuel T M Jones, Flair E Paradine Cullup, Sampath K Gollapudi, Elise G Melhedegaard, Violetta Steeples, Manuel Schmid, Yiangos Psaras, Paul Robinson, Alexandra Pena, David Y Barefield and 3 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Samuel T M JonesDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. samuel.jones@gtc.ox.ac.uk.
Flair E Paradine CullupDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sampath K GollapudiDepartment of Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, USA.
Elise G MelhedegaardDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Violetta SteeplesDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Manuel SchmidDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yiangos PsarasDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Paul RobinsonDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexandra PenaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-3356-6345
David Y BarefieldDepartment of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
Julien OchalaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Suman NagDepartment of Biochemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, USA.
Christopher N ToepferDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. christopher.toepfer@cardiov.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-4671-2030

Funding

Myofilament proteins in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmiasR00HL141698 · NHLBI · LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO · PI BAREFIELD, DAVID Y · 2020 to 2022
$747k
BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford (BHF Centre of Research Excellence in Oxford) RE/18/3/34214British Heart Foundation (BHF) BBC/F/21/220106Carlsbergfondet (Carlsberg Foundation) CF20-0113 and CF23-1023NIH HHS R00 HL141698Wellcome Trust (Wellcome) 222567/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The myosin super-relaxed (SRX) state is a biochemical and structural conformation of myosin that modulates contractility and energy expenditure and is in equilibrium with the disordered relaxed (DRX) state of myosin, which can hydrolyze ATP to produce force. The proportion of myosin SRX-DRX states is perturbed in various muscle disorders, and myosin SRX-DRX states have become a promising drug target. There are many approaches that can be used to interrogate myosin conformations, including X-ray diffraction, stopped-flow kinetics and electron microscopy. These techniques are highly informative but necessitate highly skilled researchers and specialist equipment, limiting wider uptake and accessibility. For this reason, we provide a set of protocols detailing established assays to measure biochemically defined myosin SRX-DRX states in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, myofibrils, reconstituted thick filaments and isolated molecular motors by using a simple chase assay incorporating a fluorescent ATP analogue: methylanthraniloyl (Mant)-ATP. The Mant-ATP assay provides a biochemical measure of myosin states that is distinct from assays that are used to visualize myosin structure directly. These Mant-ATP assays have various protocol lengths, ranging from 1-2 d for preparation and 30 min to run an experiment. With this set of protocols, we make the Mant-ATP assay accessible to those working in biochemistry, muscle physiology and cell biology. At the end of this protocol, users should be able to ascertain a clean fluorescent decay trace that can be fit to define the ratio of SRX/DRX myosin in their sample of choice.

Indexed as

Drug DiscoveryMyosinsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsHumansMuscle, SkeletalMyocytes, CardiacMyofibrilsAdenosine TriphosphateMyosins

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.