ReviewNPJ digital medicine2025
The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare.
Review in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Leveraging Advanced AI Frameworks for Dual PPAR α/γ Agonist Discovery in Alzheimer's Disease.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Causal graph neural networks for healthcare.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Validating medical digital twins for clinical decision support: beyond predictive accuracy.JAMIA open · 2026Review
- From Therapeutic Drug to Xenobiotic in Cancer Repurposing: Clozapine Mechanisms, Metabolic Liabilities, and Human-Relevant Translational Approaches.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Aspiration to architecture: multi-omics, AI, digital twins, and blockchain for P4 medicine.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Embracing the Digital Revolution: How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Clinical Trials in Older Participants.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Mapping the future of medicine through digital twins.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Medical AI across Data Regimes to Promote Proactive Health.Health data science · 2026Review
- Plying potency assays for immunotherapy of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Digital Twins in Translational Research and Health Care: An Anthropological Perspective.Ethics & human researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
P4 medicine (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory) offers a comprehensive approach to personalized healthcare, emphasizing both the transition from disease to wellness and the importance of preventive care. In this perspective, we propose a novel extension to P4 medicine. Specifically, we argue that combining P4 medicine with digital twins (DTs) introduces capabilities that elevate it far beyond its current scope. While P4 medicine provides a conceptual framework grounded in medical principles, digital twins offer a complementary framework for methodological realization. Together, these concepts form a synergistic pairing, interfacing through individual patients and their corresponding data. Furthermore, we emphasize that digital twins represent a new paradigm-not merely a method-characterized by four critical features: explainability, intervenability, learnability, and diversability. We believe that this integration unlocks capabilities that go beyond the reach of traditional bioinformatics and systems biology approaches.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.