ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Postmalnutrition weight gain is associated with changes to muscle and energy metabolism in adolescence: a cohort analysis.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTreatment strategies for severe childhood malnutrition often encourage rapid weight gain and catch-up growth. However, the long-term metabolic consequences of such growth are unclear.
objectivesThis study applied metabolomics to investigate how postmalnutrition weight gain (PMWG) in childhood relates to metabolic variation and physiological state in adolescence.
methodsIn an exploratory cohort study, urine and plasma were collected from adolescents (n = 151) 15 y after hospitalization for childhood malnutrition in Blantyre, Malawi. Analyses included untargeted urinary
resultsOPLS demonstrated that a greater increase in WAZ between discharge and 1-y postmalnutrition was associated with distinct plasma and urinary metabolic signatures in adolescence, especially among those with nonedematous malnutrition. This included higher fasting plasma sugars [β = 6.40 × 10
conclusionsIndividuals with greater PMWG exhibited lower muscle-related metabolites and altered energy metabolism in adolescence. It remains unclear whether this reflects inherent differences in how individuals gain weight, or whether early-life weight gain programs future metabolic states. Elucidating these mechanisms will inform interventions to ameliorate long-term health risks, an urgent priority following the growing double burden of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries.
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