Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41325528›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

S-cone-specific circuitry in the outer plexiform layer of a cone-dominant mammal.

Yizhen Z Zhang, Shan Chen, Haohua Qian, Wei Li, John M Ball

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yizhen Z Zhang *Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Shan Chen *Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Haohua QianVisual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.ORCID 0000-0002-1114-4697
Wei LiRetinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
John M BallRetinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.ORCID 0000-0002-8849-6308

Funding

HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH IRPIntramural NIH HHS Z99 EY999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the vertebrate retina, short wavelength-sensitive S-cones and their downstream interneurons play unique roles in both image forming and non-image-forming vision. Due to their conserved relative rarity in the retina and the high density of rods found in many model species, S-cone circuitry is challenging to examine in detail. Here, we combine electrophysiology, high-quality 3D electron microscopy reconstruction, and electroretinography to characterize in fine detail the S-cone selective circuitry in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the cone-dominant retina of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS). The 13-LGS retina has no S-OFF bipolar cell, and both horizontal cell types show distinct S-cone preferences. Signal processing in the 13-LGS OPL appears to have evolved for separate channels that independently modulate synaptic sensitivity of S- and M-cone networks.

Indexed as

Retinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsSciuridaeAnimalsElectroretinographyRetinacolor visionconnectomicsground squirrelretinaS-cone

Identifiers

PMID41325528
PMCPMC12674004

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.