Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41324680›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Harmonised assessment of environmental impacts from diets and dietary scenarios: sustainability and protein intake in eleven European countries.

R E Vellinga, M Sam, G van Donkersgoed, J van Klaveren, U Blaznik, E Rauscher-Gabernig, D Sokolić, B Hamborg Jensen, A Crépet, E H M Temme

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Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

R E VellingaRIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. reina.vellinga@rivm.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-4905
M SamRIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
G van DonkersgoedRIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
J van KlaverenRIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
U BlaznikNational Institute of Public Health, Environmental Health Centre, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
E Rauscher-GabernigAGES, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria.
D SokolićHAPIH, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Vinkovačka Cesta 63C, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
B Hamborg JensenTechnical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, Henrik Dams Allé, Building 201, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
A CrépetANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, 947001, Maisons-Alfort, France.
E H M TemmeRIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionImproving human and planetary health is one of the most important challenges of the current century. Demand-side food policy strategies can be implemented to achieve this dual objective. To develop and implement policy measures effectively, it is essential to conduct upfront analyses that demonstrate their potential impact.

objectiveTo explore the harmonised assessment of environmental impacts of national representative food consumption surveys using the MCRA software, and to demonstrate the framework by assessing the potential environmental impact of food policy strategies that aim to simultaneously improve human and planetary health.

methodsIndividual-level food consumption data from 11 European countries were used to evaluate current diets and the potential impact of demand-side food policy scenarios designed to reflect health and sustainability objectives. Dutch life-cycle assessment data were used to estimate six environmental impact indicators. Food composition data were applied to estimate protein intake. Food consumption, dietary environmental impacts, and protein intake were estimated and modelled using the MCRA (Monte-Carlo Risk Assessment) software for baseline and alternative scenarios.

resultsIn the baseline scenarios, daily average GHG emissions ranged from 4.01 kg CO

conclusionUsing the MCRA framework, this study demonstrates that harmonised assessment of current diets and the potential impacts of dietary scenarios can effectively inform policy development. Policies reducing animal food consumption and increasing plant-based intake offer the greatest environmental benefits, particularly when meat is substituted with plant-based alternatives. Implementation of coherent, multi-level policy instruments and tailored country-specific approaches will be essential for achieving both human and planetary health objectives.

Indexed as

DietDietary ProteinsEnvironmentNutrition PolicyDiet SurveysEuropeHumansSustainable DevelopmentDietary ProteinsFood policyProtein intakeSustainable dietsSustainable food systems

Identifiers

PMID41324680
PMCPMC12669335

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.