SynthesisFrontiers in public health2025
Association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of 26 cohort studies.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oral Function, Frailty and Mortality in Older Adults: Evidence from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Comment on Long-Term Outcomes of Catheter Ablation in Ventricular Tachycardia Electrical Storm.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Changes in frailty and incident risk of degenerative bone and joint diseases and their multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated the association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality in cohort studies. While frailty is a recognized predictor of poor outcomes, the prognostic role of pre-frailty-a critical intermediate stage-remains less clear. We assessed their associations with cardiovascular mortality, explored heterogeneity, and examined the robustness of findings through publication bias analyses. Methods: Cohort studies published up to 2025 were systematically searched. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Results: Twenty-six cohort studies involving over 4 million participants were included. Frailty was significantly associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.86-2.40), and pre-frailty also conferred elevated risk (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.46-2.23). Despite substantial heterogeneity ( Conclusion: Frailty and pre-frailty are consistently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, emphasizing their value for early risk identification and preventive strategies. Given the observational nature and residual heterogeneity, findings should be interpreted cautiously, and future research is needed to establish standardized assessment tools and test targeted interventions. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ identifier CRD420251109559.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.