Following the flow: in vivo imaging of fetal foramen ovale physiology using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging with doppler ultrasound gating.

Jochen Gerstner Saucedo, Takashi Fujiwara, Erin K Englund, Sungho Park, Richard Friesen, Lorna P Browne, Alex J Barker

Abstract readCase Reports

In one paragraph

Article in Radiology case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jochen Gerstner SaucedoDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Takashi FujiwaraDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Erin K EnglundDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Sungho ParkDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Richard FriesenDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Lorna P BrowneDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Alex J BarkerDepartment of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The foramen ovale (FO) is a vital conduit of the fetal circulation, directing oxygenated blood from the placenta through the right atrium to the left atrium and thus to the brain and viscera. Due to technical limitations, quantification of flow across the foramen ovale is typically estimated using indirect measurements of prenatal echocardiography. We present a case of a healthy human fetus at 32 weeks of gestation, visualized via Doppler ultrasound-gated 4D flow MRI. Caval blood flow through the foramen ovale was distinctly observed and delineated without using contrast agents, anesthesia, or advanced acquisition/reconstruction methods. This example emphasizes the ability of fetal cardiac MR with 4D flow to demonstrate and potentially quantify the normal physiology of the foramen ovale.

Indexed as

4D FlowDoppler ultrasoundFetal circulationFetal heartFetal MRIForamen ovale

Identifiers

PMID41323180

DOI10.1016/j.radcr.2025.10.017

PMCPMC12663834

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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