Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41322986›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025

Epidemiological shift and clinical characteristics of rhinovirus genotypes in acute respiratory tract infection cases in Kunming, China, from 2019 to 2023.

Guiqian Zhang, Limei Ba, Luping Liu, Ting Su, Hongyan Zhu, Ya Xu, Yufan Zhang, Yafei Huang, Xin Fan, Jinxiu Wan and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Guiqian Zhang *Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Limei Ba *Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Luping LiuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Ting SuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Hongyan ZhuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Ya XuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Yufan ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Yafei HuangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Xin FanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Jinxiu WanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Jianmei GaoInstitute of Basic and Clinical Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
Hailong LiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Honghe Prefecture Central Hospital, Gejiu, China.
Min SuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: We aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the genetic diversity and clinical severity of rhinovirus (RV) in acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) cases in Kunming, China. Methods: A total of 25,769 patients with ARTI from September 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were enrolled. Patients with COVID-19 were excluded from the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and screened for RV using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV-positive samples underwent nested PCR targeting the VP4/VP2 region. The amplified products were sequenced for genotype identification. Results: A total of 1,017 RV-positive cases were identified (detection rate 3.95%; 1,017/25,769), and all three RV species-RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C-were detected; RV-A was the most prevalent. Overall, 128 distinct RV genotypes, 40 untyped strains, and 1 recombinant strain (A1B) were identified. The predominant genotypes differed between age groups: those <18 years were mainly infected with C-untyped, A36, and A12, whereas those ≥18 years had C1, B52, and A60. Among RV-positive cases, 42.97% were associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), mainly caused by RV-A and RV-C. RV-C was associated with higher C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Co-occurrences were recorded in 24.98% (254/1,017) of RV-positive cases and were associated with prolonged hospitalization. RV exhibited no clear seasonal pattern; however, following the COVID-19 outbreak, RV-C was replaced by RV-A. Conclusions: RV remains endemic with significant genetic diversity in the region. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a notable shift in the dominant circulating species from RV-A to RV-C. Emerging mutant strains have contributed to increased disease severity. Both RV-C and RV-A contribute to LRTI in children.

Indexed as

Picornaviridae InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsRhinovirusAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolChinaCOVID-19FemaleGenetic VariationGenotypeHumansInfantclinical characteristicsepidemiological shiftgenotypeKunmingrhinovirus

Identifiers

PMID41322986
PMCPMC12660223

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.