ReviewCureus2025
A Systematic Review on the Impact of Smartphone Usage on Temporomandibular Disorders.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Baseline Oral Behaviours in Relation to Follow-Up Temporomandibular Joint Disease Severity After Intra-Articular I-PRF: A Baseline-Adjusted Exploratory Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Sleep bruxism and daily life behaviors in university students: a cross-sectional analysis of free time management, sedentary behaviors, and smartphone use.BMC oral health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Excessive smartphone use has been associated with postural deviations, increased muscular strain, psychological distress, and parafunctional habits. However, the extent of these associations remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the impact of smartphone use on TMD severity by evaluating its biomechanical, neuromuscular, and psychological implications. A systematic search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines for Abstracts was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to September 2025. Studies assessing smartphone use and TMD using validated diagnostic tools (DC/TMD, RDC/TMD, Fonseca Index) were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) and AXIS tools. Seven studies (n = 3,568 participants) were included. Excessive smartphone use was significantly associated with higher TMD severity (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-2.5; p < 0.05). Forward head posture and reduced craniovertebral angle correlated with increased muscular tension. Smartphone addiction was linked to parafunctional habits, such as bruxism (prevalence = 96.7%; p = 0.0005) and psychological distress (p < 0.01). Heterogeneity in diagnostic tools and exposure measures precluded meta-analysis. Excessive smartphone use is moderately associated with greater TMD severity, mediated by postural deviation, muscular strain, parafunctional behaviors, and psychological distress. Ergonomic posture correction, behavioral therapy, and stress-reduction interventions are essential preventive measures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.