Bridging the Gap in Medical Education: A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Japanese Medical Students and Patients on Outcomes-Based Education.

introductionOutcomes-based education (OBE) has transformed medical education by focusing on specific, measurable learning results. However, educators typically formulate these outcomes with little regard for the perspectives of key stakeholders, such as students and patients. This study explored the perceptions of Japanese medical students and patients regarding these outcomes.

methodsWe conducted focus group interviews with 14 medical students and 13 patients from the first author's university. Participants reflected on the eight outcomes of the 2010 edition of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.

resultsMedical students emphasized the importance of practical education, patient interaction early in their training, and education that bridges knowledge and action, questioning the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods related to professionalism and communication skills. The students also expressed dissatisfaction with simulated learning for team care. In contrast, patients stressed the importance of physicians' empathy and communication skills alongside a patient-centered research approach. They also expressed a desire for a range of ways in which physicians respond to patients as individuals.

conclusionThe study results have significant implications for outcomes-based medical education. Both medical students and patients questioned the efficacy of the traditional curriculum, notably in teaching professionalism, communication skills, and team care. The findings suggest that medical education outcomes for future physicians should integrate practical application, empathy training, and flexibility.