Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41322901›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Classifying Hyponatremias According to Tonicity Disorder: Hypotonic Hyponatremia, Hypertonic Hyponatremia, and Pseudohyponatremia as Distinct Entities.

Todd S Ing, Raymond E Garrett, Ramin Sam, Christos Argyropoulos, Susie Q Lew, Maria-Eleni Roumelioti, Mark Unruh, Darlene Vigil, Mark Rohrscheib, Brent Wagner and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Todd S IngMedicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, USA.
Raymond E GarrettTrauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, USA.
Ramin SamNephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
Christos ArgyropoulosNephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Susie Q LewMedicine, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Maria-Eleni RoumeliotiNephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Mark UnruhNephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Darlene VigilNephrology, Raymond G. Murphy Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, USA.
Mark RohrscheibNephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Brent WagnerNephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
Antonios H TzamaloukasResearch, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tonicity of a solution refers to its ability to cause cells in it to either swell or shrink through osmotic fluid flux across the cell membranes due to a difference in the total concentrations of osmoles in the solution and in the intracellular space. For serum, the sodium concentration ([Na]

Indexed as

hypertonic hyponatremiahypotonic hyponatremiaosmol gappseudohyponatremiaserum osmolalityserum osmolarityserum tonicity

Identifiers

PMID41322901
PMCPMC12664750

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.