ReviewMaterials today. Bio2025
Engineered nano-bacteria hybrids for precision cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Illuminating the path to oncolysis: rise of microbial phototherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cancer Neuro-Immunity.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Driven Cancer Therapies for Precision Oncology: Advances and Clinical Outlook.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles AttenuateMicroorganisms · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial therapy has emerged as a promising modality in precision cancer immunotherapy, leveraging bacteria's innate tumor-homing ability, immunostimulatory properties, and engineering flexibility to overcome limitations in conventional treatments. This review highlights recent advances in integrating nanotechnology with bacterial systems to develop multifunctional platforms for precision cancer immunotherapy. We first discuss the development of nano-bacteria hybrids, including physical, chemical, and biological interface strategies for constructing multifunctional hybrids, as well as the therapeutic utility of bacterial-derived components such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), bacterial ghosts (BGs), and gas vesicles (GVs). We then discuss the synergistic integration of nano-bacteria hybrids with immune checkpoint blockade, CAR-T cell therapy, and genetic engineering approaches to enhance drug delivery, modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), and improve immune activation. Finally, we explore innovative strategies to overcome current limitations in bacterial immunotherapy, such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppression, and safety concerns, while proposing future directions for the clinical translation of nano-bacteria hybrids.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.