ArticleACS applied bio materials2025
Engineered Peptide Scrambling for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Resistant Breast Cancer Cells via Small Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in ACS applied bio materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Engineering Piezo1-Mediated Calcium Signalling for Enhanced Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Cargo Loading.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of biomolecules plays an essential role in intercellular communication and presents promising avenues for targeted drug delivery. Over the past decade, researchers have developed various approaches to modifying EV surfaces for targeting specific cells or tissues, including functionalization with targeting peptides to increase the specificity of drug delivery. Due to technical limitations, methods for characterizing the targeting moieties on the surface of small EVs (sEVs) are considerably restricted. To address these limitations and enhance the throughput capacity of sEV characterization, a dual-reporter platform was utilized to quantitatively assess the binding of tumor homing peptide (THP)-functionalized sEVs to breast cancer cells using bioluminescence assays and fluorescence microscopy. Twenty-four scrambled variants of the uPAR-binding peptide were designed for sEV engineering, and their uptake by MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated in vitro. Our results revealed that amino acid scrambling generated both enhanced and reduced binding to cancer cells compared to the original peptide sequence. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that mechanical stimulation of EV producer HEK293FT cells enhanced the passive loading of methotrexate (MTX) into sEVs, but not large EVs, by increasing sEV production. By functionalizing MTX-loaded sEVs with a high-binding scrambled peptide, the delivery successfully surpassed the saturated free MTX uptake level in MDA-MB-231 cells, increasing cytotoxicity by 2.1-fold and providing a potent strategy for combating drug-resistant cancers. This study advances synthetic biology approaches to optimize tumor-targeted drug delivery, demonstrating that strategic peptide sequence scrambling can enhance targeting efficiency and drug delivery capabilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.