ArticleThe New phytologist2026
Floral stage optimization and immune evasion enhance Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis.
Article in The New phytologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Lambda Red Recombinase-Assisted CRISPR/Cas9 System for Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Enable Noninvasive Real-Time Visualization of Nitrate Dynamics in Intact Living Plants.Biosensors · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by floral inoculation (AMT-FI) enables genetic engineering without tissue culture. It is widely used in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, yet its efficiency and broader applicability remain limited. Here, we used a dual-reporter system (RUBY and hygromycin resistance) to identify key floral stages and engineered Agrobacterium strains to evade plant immunity, leading to enhanced transient expression and genome editing (GE). We determined that flowers opened at 6 d post inoculation (DPI) are optimal for high transformation efficiency, with nearly 100% of siliques harboring transformants. However, Agrobacterium infection induced ovule abortion, particularly in wild-type (Col-0) plants, whereas efr mutants lacking the EF-Tu receptor (EFR)-mediated pattern-triggered immunity showed reduced ovule abortion. Notably, efr mutants exhibited more RUBY-positive ovules and significantly enhanced GE efficiency. Two engineered stealth Agrobacterium strains (AS201 and AS202) expressing a chimeric EF-Tu for evading recognition by EFR enhanced both transient transformation and GE efficiency. Remarkably, genome-edited T1 plants could be recovered based on phenotype or direct sequencing without the need for antibiotic selection when targeting flowers opened at 6 DPI. By integrating floral stage selection, immune evasion, and Agrobacterium engineering, this study provides a practical and versatile platform to advance plant genome engineering.
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