ReviewAnnals of medicine2025
Cellular characteristics of the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and progress in immunotherapy research.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interactions between neutrophil extracellular traps and macrophages: the key to inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Construction and Validation of Multi-Omics Predictive Models for Colorectal Cancer Using Machine-Learning Approaches.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics characterization of SPTBN2 overexpression reveals its pro-tumorigenic role and immune microenvironment remodeling in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) continues to represent a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with its progression and therapeutic outcomes strongly shaped by the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). This review critically examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving immune evasion in CRC, emphasizing the dual roles of immune cell populations-including tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells-as well as non-cellular elements such as the extracellular matrix and extracellular vesicles.
objectiveA key objective is to evaluate recent developments in immunotherapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and novel combinatorial regimens, while addressing their therapeutic promise and inherent limitations, especially in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors that exhibit primary resistance to standard immunotherapies. Further analysis integrates perspectives on metabolic reprogramming within the TME, epigenetic alterations, and advances in engineered cellular therapies, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for overcoming immunosuppressive mechanisms. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionSpecial consideration is directed toward the translational value of targeting immune-metabolic interactions and spatial dynamics within the TME. Ultimately, this work synthesizes current knowledge and outlines forward-looking strategies to advance personalized, multi-target immunotherapy, with the potential to reshape clinical paradigms in CRC management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.