ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Surface-Associated Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment by Potentiating TGF-β Signaling in a Contact-Dependent Manner.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A multi-omics integration of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics identifies and validates a 16-gene epithelial-mesenchymal transition prognostic signature in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Oncogenic Gαq Signaling Remodels the Tumor Surfaceome and Rewires Intracellular Networks in Uveal Melanoma Models.Cancers · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Functions as Multifunctional Architects of the Tumor Stroma and Represent Emerging Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Surface-Associated Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment by Potentiating TGF-β Signaling in a Contact-Dependent Manner.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Thermally Induced Reassembly of Ginger Extracellular Vesicles for Oral Therapy of Intestinal Inflammation.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major stromal cell type within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they drive extracellular matrix remodeling and influence tumor progression through the secretion of bioactive molecules. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of CAF activation, yet its impact on the composition and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by CAFs remains largely unexplored. Here, it is shown that TGF-β activation alters the protein cargo and function of CAF-derived EVs (TGF-β-EVs), leading to a distinct enrichment of surface-associated proteins. One such protein is tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 protein (TSG6), which interacts with receptor CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan on EVs. The EV surface-associated proteins facilitate EV docking to cell membranes by binding to transmembrane receptors. Elevated TSG6 on CAF-derived EV surface promotes the clustering of the co-receptor CD44 and TGF-β type I receptor (TGFBR1) on recipient cells, enhancing TGF-β signaling. Functionally, TGF-β-EVs further activate CAFs and contribute to CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.