ArticleCancer medicine2025
Associations Between Hiccups and Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSeveral case reports have recounted hiccups as a possible symptom of cancer, but potential associations in large study samples have not been examined.
methodsThis population-based cohort study examined associations between hiccups and subsequent cancer diagnoses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
resultsOf 8466 patients diagnosed with hiccups during the study period (1997-2018), 7531 (89.0%) were men, 4013 (47.4%) were diagnosed in primary healthcare, and 325 (3.8%) were diagnosed with cancer. In men, hiccups were associated with nervous system (SIR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.08-3.20), hematologic (1.52; 1.17-1.93), and gastrointestinal (1.61; 1.36-1.89) cancers, including esophageal (2.63; 1.47-4.43), stomach (2.27; 1.42-3.45), colon (1.61; 1.23-2.08), and liver (1.77; 1.05-2.80) cancers. In women, hiccups were associated with gastrointestinal cancer (2.23; 1.27-3.63). Particularly strong associations were observed within 12 months of follow-up.
conclusionThese findings may be useful for clinical practice and could provide foundations for detailed clinical studies on hiccups as a potential clinical cancer marker.
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