ArticleScientific reports2025
Impact of conflict-induced stress on the length of craniofacial growth.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic environmental stress, due to long-term residence in a conflict zone, on the lengths of the anterior and posterior cranial base, maxilla, and mandible in healthy children and adolescents. A retrospective cohort of 158 Israeli children (mean age: 13.42 ± 1.41 years) was divided into two groups: children from Gaza envelope (n = 82), with chronic exposure to security threats, and their counterparts from central Israel (n = 76), with low exposure. Cephalometric measurements were obtained from lateral radiographs using standardized protocols. The children's skeletal and dental maturation stages were assessed via cervical vertebral maturation and Demirjian's tooth development index. Compared with children in the central Israel, Gaza envelope children presented significantly shorter lengths of both the anterior (mean difference: 3.37 mm, p = 0.008) and posterior cranial bases (mean difference: 2.92 mm, p = 0.005). No significant differences were found in mandibular body length, ramus height, effective mandibular or maxillary length, or the maxillomandibular differential. Correlation analyses revealed weakened associations among craniofacial measurements in the conflict-exposed group, suggesting environmental disruption of coordinated craniofacial growth. Notably, female children in the Gaza envelope group were more affected, with significantly smaller measurements across most craniofacial parameters. Chronic exposure to conflict-related stress is associated with reduced cranial base growth in children, particularly in females. These findings underscore the vulnerability of endochondral growth structures to environmental stress, especially anterior cranial base, and suggest a potential link between psychosocial factors and altered craniofacial development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.