ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Neuromusculoskeletal alterations after ACL reconstruction: a cross-sectional study of cortical activity, motor response, and psychological readiness.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07163468 (Neuromusculoskeletal Alterations After ACL Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Neuromusculoskeletal Alterations After ACL Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study of Cortical Activity, Motor Response, and Psychological Readiness
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Countermovement Jump and Quantitative Electroencephalography Assessment in Division I Football Athletes: An Exploratory Neurophysiological Study of Return‑to‑Play Readiness.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries affect not only the musculoskeletal system but may also influence neurocognitive and psychological functions. Emerging perspectives emphasize a neuromusculoskeletal approach to post-injury recovery. However, comprehensive evaluations of brain activity, motor response, and psychological readiness-especially in comparison between primary and revision ACL cases-remain limited.
methodsIn this cross-sectional observational study, 60 male athletes aged 18-30 were allocated into three groups (n = 20 each): healthy controls, primary ACL reconstruction, and revision ACL reconstruction. Frontal cortical activity was assessed using theta/beta ratio via EEG (Nexus-10 system) during rest and cognitive task conditions. Reaction time was measured using a computer-based visual response test. Psychological status was evaluated using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) and the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale.
resultsThe mean frontal theta/beta ratio was highest in the revision group (eyes-open: 2.19 ± 0.45) compared to the primary ACL (1.92 ± 0.39) and control groups (1.61 ± 0.28; p < 0.001). Mean visual reaction times were prolonged in the revision group (293 ± 25 ms) relative to the primary ACL (278 ± 19 ms) and control groups (262 ± 18 ms; p = 0.001). Psychological evaluation revealed higher TSK-11 scores (21.1 ± 3.2 vs. 17.5 ± 2.9 vs. 13.2 ± 2.3) and lower ACL-RSI scores (65.2 ± 9.3 vs. 76.8 ± 8.5 vs. 91.4 ± 5.6) in the revision, primary, and control groups, respectively (all p < 0.001). Correlation analyses indicated strong associations between EEG indices, reaction time, and psychological scales.
conclusionACL reconstruction, particularly revision procedures, may involve alterations in cortical activity, motor response, and psychological readiness. These results highlight the relevance of a neuromusculoskeletal perspective in post-ACL rehabilitation.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT07163468. Registered on 01 September 2025 (retrospectively).
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