ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
Cognitive function trajectories and influencing factors in Chinese older adults with self-reported hearing impairment: findings from CHARLS 2013-2020.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHearing impairment is linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, yet the progression of cognitive function in affected individuals remains unclear. This study examined cognitive function trajectories in older adults with self-reported hearing impairment and identified key influencing factors.
methodsData from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2013-2020) were analyzed. Sociodemographic and health-related factors, including age, education, sensory impairments, chronic conditions, hearing aid use, depression, vision, sleep patterns, social interactions, smoking, drinking, retirement status, and fuel use, were assessed. Cognitive function was evaluated using episodic memory, orientation, attention, and executive function. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) identified cognitive trajectories, while logistic regression examined influencing factors.
resultsThree cognitive trajectories were identified: low-functioning decline (L, 23.5%), middle-functioning decline (M, 38.5%), and high-functioning stabilization (H, 38.0%). The likelihood of M increased with younger age (60-69 years: OR = 8.56; 70-79 years: OR = 4.54), absence of physical (OR = 2.03) or visual impairment (OR = 1.65), and short naps (≤ 30 min, OR = 1.59). H was associated with younger age (60-69 years: OR = 60.36; 70-79 years: OR = 12.11), absence of physical (OR = 2.20) or visual disability (OR = 1.84), mild depression (OR = 3.91), and shorter naps (OR = 2.05). Poor hearing (OR = 0.46), illiteracy (OR = 0.03), and non-retirement (OR = 0.23) reduced the likelihood of being in the M or H groups (all p < 0.05).
conclusionsCognitive trajectories in hearing-impaired older Chinese adults fall into three categories: low-functioning decline, middle-functioning decline, and high-functioning stabilization. Age, education, sensory impairments, depression, nap duration, and retirement status influence these trajectories. Given the limited generalizability of these preliminary findings, further research is needed to clarify the potential confounding and mediating relationships among these factors before they can inform early intervention and policy initiatives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.