ArticleBMC emergency medicine2025
Identifying patients transported by helicopter emergency medical services using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11: a scoping review.
Article in BMC emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epidemiology and outcomes of trauma patients transported by helicopter emergency medical services: a descriptive-analytical study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHelicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are an imperative life-saving strategy globally. This study aimed to identify patients transported by HEMS using the International Classification of Diseases 11th version (ICD-11).
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo to identify articles published in English between January 1, 2010, and February 26, 2025, that included at least 5 cases transported by HEMS. Studies were included if they reported trauma, non-trauma patients or both and for those with trauma, type of trauma and/or cause of trauma.
resultsThis scoping review included 91 studies involving 3,687,053 patients (range, 6 − 1,679,675 cases), with a median number of 1,562 male patients (standardized proportion 66.07%). Non-traumatic conditions accounted for 57.25% of global HEMS missions, while trauma represented 42.75%. Unlike other regions, North America had a higher incidence of trauma than disease. Among disease cases, cardiac arrest (MC82, 6.92%) was a frequently reported condition. Among the trauma cases, polytrauma (ND37, 1.45%) was the most common. The transport accidents, falls, and submersion represented the predominant trauma causes. Regarding trauma type, incidence of blunt trauma (26.30%) was more than five times that of penetrating trauma (5.03%).
conclusionsThis study identified the HEMS-transported patient profiles by the ICD-11 framework. We found significant heterogeneity and underreporting in the existing literatures, leading to several diseases and trauma being classified under non-specific ICD-11 codes, along with their causes and types. Future research should prioritize the collection and reporting of granular, specific diagnostic data to fully leverage the ICD-11 framework. This will be essential for improving patient outcomes in high-acuity pre-hospital care. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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