Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41318384›Full record

ArticleBMC primary care2025

Defining quality indicators for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in primary care, extractable from the electronic health record: a RAND-modified Delphi method.

Laura Christiaens, Willem Raat, Liesbeth Meel, Marijke Avonts, Marie Van de Putte, Bert Vaes, Steve Van den Bulck

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Laura ChristiaensDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok h, Leuven, 3000, Belgium. laura.christiaens@kuleuven.be.ORCID 0009-0009-8190-416X
Willem RaatDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok h, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-9591-3974
Liesbeth MeelBelgian Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0009-0007-1831-5624
Marijke AvontsBelgian Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-5419-7855
Marie Van de PutteDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok h, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.ORCID 0009-0005-2381-2735
Bert VaesDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok h, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-5244-1930
Steve Van den BulckDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok h, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-0744-3923

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) account for 85% of all cardiovascular diseases and put a substantial burden on healthcare systems. General practitioners play an important role in managing ASCVD. The management of ASCVD could be improved by audit and feedback (A&F) based on quality indicators (QIs) derived from the electronic health record (EHR) of the general practitioner. This study aimed to define a set of validated and EHR extractable QIs for ASCVD to support A&F in primary care.

methodsA RAND-modified Delphi method was employed to define QIs. Recommendations were selected based on the SMART principle from international guidelines, selected following the AGREE II evaluation. After assessment by a multidisciplinary expert panel, the recommendations were analyzed using the median Likert Scale score, prioritization, and degree of agreement. They were preliminary classified as having high, uncertain or low potential to measure the quality of ASCVD care. These recommendations were further discussed in a consensus meeting. Upon final validation, high-potential recommendations were converted into QIs.

resultsA questionnaire composed of 92 recommendations, selected from 12 international guidelines, were presented to the panel, resulting in a set of 50 high-potential recommendations. These were merged and modified into 41 recommendations after the consensus meeting. This resulted in a final set of 41 QIs classified into four categories: follow-up (N = 4), pharmacological treatment (N = 22), patient education (N = 10), and referral (N = 5).

conclusionsThis study defines a set of 41 EHR extractable QIs for ASCVD in primary care, supporting A&F in primary care.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCardiovascular DiseasesElectronic Health RecordsPrimary Health CareQuality Indicators, Health CareDelphi TechniqueHumansPractice Guidelines as TopicSurveys and QuestionnairesConsensusDelphi TechniqueFeedbackPopulation health managementQuality improvementQuality indicators

Identifiers

PMID41318384
PMCPMC12805715

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.