ArticleBiomaterials2026
Macrophage cell therapy enabled by interleukin-4 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles to sustain a pro-reparative phenotype in inflammatory injuries.
Article in Biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Loss of ovarian hormones modulates sex-specific metabolic adaptations to volumetric muscle loss.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the wound microenvironment: identity remodeling strategies for fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of macrophage cell therapies is limited by their tendency to change phenotype in response to external cues in situ. Here we demonstrate that an optimized lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation effectively delivers IL4 mRNA to human and murine primary macrophages, resulting in rapid transfection, IL-4 secretion, and reparative phenotype modulation. In a model of murine volumetric muscle loss, adoptively transferred macrophages pre-treated with IL4-LNPs maintained a reparative phenotype for at least one week, despite the inflammatory injury microenvironment. IL4-LNP-treated macrophages also promoted a reparative phenotype in endogenous macrophages and supported muscle repair outcomes, including increased vascularization, fiber size distribution, and remodeling of the scaffold. T cell subtype in the muscle or the draining lymph node was not affected. The novel strategy established here may facilitate the control and use of macrophage cell therapies for other applications in regenerative medicine.
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Registered trials
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