Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41317177›Full record

ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026

Association of educational attainment with mental disorders and the mediation role of lifestyle factors: a Mendelian randomization study.

Xuezhong Shi, Shijia Wang, Jingwen Fan, Yongli Yang, Long Wen, Xiaocan Jia

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Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xuezhong ShiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Shijia WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Jingwen FanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Yongli YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Long WenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
Xiaocan JiaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. jxc@zzu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-2957

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82304251
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEducational attainment (EA) was associated with lifestyle behaviors and underlying mental disorders. However, the causality remained poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the causal association between EA and mental disorders while exploring the mediation role of lifestyle factors.

methodsA two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation role of lifestyle factors in the relationship between EA and mental disorders. The total effects of years of education (EduYears) and college completion (College) on 31 lifestyle factors and 7 mental disorders were estimated using univariable MR. Multivariable MR was utilized to assess the independent effects of lifestyle factors on mental disorders. Mediation effects were calculated for factors significantly associated with both EA and mental disorders.

resultsEduYears was significantly associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), major depression disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with OR (95% CIs) of 0.96 (0.92, 0.99), 0.97 (0.94, 1.00), 0.94 (0.91, 0.97), and 0.84 (0.82, 0.87), respectively. Similarly, genetically determined College was inversely associated with AN, MDD, PTSD, and ADHD. Smoking initiation, processed meat intake, beef intake, and cereal intake mediated the effect of EA on mental disorders from 9% to 31%.

conclusionThis study indicated the causal effect of EA on AN, MDD, PTSD, and ADHD. The mediation analysis indicated that smoking and diet partially explained the effect. The results underscored the significance of EA and lifestyle factors in mental health policies.

Indexed as

Anorexia NervosaAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityEducational StatusLife StyleMajor Depressive DisorderMental DisordersStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticFemaleHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisEducationLifestyleMendelian randomizationPsychiatric disorders

Identifiers

PMID41317177

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.