Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41317015›Full record

ArticleInsect molecular biology2026

Eye can see clearly now: Identifying the locus associated with a white-eye mutation in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Riley R Shultz, Dylan K Ryals, Phillip Patterson, Jonathan M Nixon, Izaak R Gilchrist, Brock A Harpur

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Insect molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Riley R ShultzDepartment of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8859-0993
Dylan K RyalsDepartment of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-2021
Phillip PattersonFree Manner Farm/Nonesuch Honey, Versailles, Kentucky, USA.
Jonathan M NixonDepartment of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2446-3961
Izaak R GilchristDepartment of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0470-7902
Brock A HarpurDepartment of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8722-272X

Funding

Foundation for Food and Agriculture ResearchUSDA AFRI Pollinator Health: Research and Application
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In insects, eye pigmentation is vital for various adaptive functions, including foraging, mating and predator avoidance. Due to its visible and often heritable variation, altered eye pigmentation in mutants provides an excellent model for studying biosynthetic pathways and identifying new genes involved in pigmentation. Eye mutants can also be valuable in science communication as they offer simplified examples to help the public understand complex genetic concepts. In this study, we used a community science-based approach to identify the inheritance pattern and mutation(s) responsible for white-eye pigmentation in honey bees. With the help of the beekeeping community, we identified a honey bee queen that produced a fraction of haploid sons (called drones) with white-eyes. As the queen was wild-type, we predicted that the mutation is most likely recessive to wild-type. Using genome-wide association and differentiation scans of wild-type and white-eyed drone brothers, we identified a single elevated region (52 kb) of chromosome 11. This region contains four non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and one protein-coding gene. We identified an eight-base pair region with two SNPs and a four-nucleotide deletion that are likely responsible for the phenotype. The mutation likely affects the expression and/or downstream effects of an uncharacterized ncRNA (LOC100578475). Our efforts highlight the value of community-based science in novel gene discovery. We hope this serves, not only as a new example for the burgeoning field of honey bee functional genomics, but also as a teaching tool for both researchers and educators.

Indexed as

PigmentationAnimalsBeesFemaleMaleMutationcommunity scienceeye mutationGWASnon‐coding RNApigmentation

Identifiers

PMID41317015
PMCPMC12955342

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.