ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025
Dual-Function Plant-Derived Nanovesicles From Regenerated Cannabis sativa Roots for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Delivery.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Small RNAs From Clostridium Butyricum Modulate Host Intestinal Lipid Metabolism.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Back to the roots: Cannabis sativa L. root metabolism, microbiomes, and biotechnological potential.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering Strategies for Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Modification, Drug Delivery Performance, and Synergistic Effects with Gel Composite Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Vesicle-like Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: From Drug Delivery to Combined Immunotherapy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dual-Function Plant-Derived Nanovesicles From Regenerated Cannabis sativa Roots for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a medicinal plant that produces a diverse array of pharmacologically active metabolites, making it a valuable resource for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, an adventitious root (AR) culture system was established from C. sativa using two representative plant growth regulators-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; hereafter referred to as N-ARs) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; hereafter referred to as I-ARs) -from which plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) were subsequently isolated (hereafter N-PDNVs and I-PDNVs, respectively). The resulting N-PDNVs and I-PDNVs exhibited average diameters of 128 ± 2 and 124 ± 4 nm, respectively, with zeta potentials of -12.9 and -15.7 mV. Both PDNV types maintained structural integrity and colloidal stability under diverse external stress conditions, underscoring their physicochemical robustness. Metabolite profiling of PDNVs revealed 25 distinct metabolites. Functionally, I-PDNVs markedly enhanced dendritic cell maturation through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-dependent pathways, promoted T cell proliferation and activation (notably IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing subsets), and increased natural killer (NK) cell activity compared with N-PDNVs. In immunosuppressed and tumour-bearing mouse models, I-PDNVs further augmented NK cell, Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, thereby confirming their superior potential as immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, in immunized mouse models, OVA
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.