ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
Exosomes derived from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and treadmill training restore motor function following SCI by activating PI3K/Akt pathway.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) remains a global challenge due to limited neural regeneration and functional recovery. Emerging therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and exercise training, have shown promise, but their individual efficacy is insufficient. The synergistic effects of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MenSCs-Exo) and weight-supported treadmill training (WSTT) in SCI repair remain unclear. This study investigated their combined therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms in SCI rats.
methodsA T10 spinal cord hemisection model was conducted in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomized into five groups: Sham, SCI, Exo (200 µg MenSCs-Exo via tail vein injection every 48 h for 4 doses), TT (WSTT starting on day 3 post-SCI), and Exo + TT. Motor function was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and CatWalk XT
resultsCombined Exo + TT significantly improved motor function compared to monotherapies. BBB scores in the Exo + TT group were higher than SCI controls from day 7, with marked differences at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). CatWalk analysis revealed enhanced hindlimb coordination, reduced dragging, and improved paw print parameters in Exo + TT rats. Histologically, Exo + TT reduced spinal cord cavitation, inflammation, and fibrosis (P < 0.01 vs. SCI), while promoting axonal (Tuj1) and myelin (MBP) regeneration with ordered structure. TEM showed preserved myelin lamellae and reduced axonal degeneration. Western blot confirmed decreased COL1, COL3, and α-SMA expression, along with upregulated p-Akt, PI3K, β-catenin, and LEF1 in Exo + TT rats (P < 0.01).
conclusionMenSCs-Exo combined with WSTT synergistically enhances motor recovery after SCI by promoting tissue repair, reducing fibrosis, and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This cell-free therapy paired with rehabilitation exercise offers a novel strategy for SCI treatment.
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