Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41316387›Full record

ArticleJournal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care2025

The LINK-Lombardia NeuroIntensive care Network.

Angelo Guglielmi, Francesca Graziano, Alessia Vargiolu, Maria Amigoni, Angela Berselli, Luca Cabrini, Arturo Chieregato, Antonio Dell'Acqua, Giacomo Dell'Avanzo, Paola Fassini and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Angelo GuglielmiPhD in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Francesca GrazianoBiostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Alessia VargioluSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Maria AmigoniDepartment of Neuroscience, NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Angela BerselliDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy.
Luca CabriniGeneral and Neurosurgical Intensive Care Units, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale Di Circolo, Varese, Italy.
Arturo ChieregatoNeurocritical Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
Antonio Dell'AcquaDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Giacomo Dell'AvanzoDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Paola FassiniDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy.
Elena GalassiniDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Marco GemmaDepartment of Neuroanesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Elena GrappaIntensive Care Unit, Ospedale Di Cremona, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.
Paolo GrittiDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Carolina IaquanielloDepartment of Neuroanesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Paolo MangiliDepartment of Neuroscience, NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Giovanni Maria MazzaAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department 1, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Giovanni MistralettiDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy.
Stefano MuttiniSC Terapia Intensiva Neurochirurgica, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Milan, Italy.
Maia NguyenDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
Fabrizio OrtolanoDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Michele PaganiAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department 1, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Cristina PanzeriDepartment of Neurosciences, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni-ASST, Lecco, Italy.
Simone PivaDepartment of Emergency, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
Lorenzo Simone PressatoNeurocritical Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
Frank RasuloDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Fabio SangalliSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Federico VillaDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
Andrea VisconeDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Simone Maria ZerbiNeurocritical Care Unit, Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Lariana Sant'Anna Como Hospital, San Fermo Della Battaglia, Italy.
Tommaso ZoerleDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe CiterioSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. giuseppe.citerio@unimib.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite serving over 10 million inhabitants, neurocritical care across the Lombardy region of Italy (from here on Lombardia) remains fragmented and insufficiently mapped, underscoring the need for a structured regional network. This study aimed to evaluate current resources and explore pathways for integration and development.

methodsIn 2024, along with other initiatives, a web-based survey was performed, focusing on hospitals with neurosurgical capabilities and intensive care units (ICUs) to identify variations in service delivery and adherence to evidence-based practices, guiding quality improvement across centers.

resultsResponses were obtained from 19 acute care hospitals with neurosurgical facilities within the regional health service. Ten hospitals (52%) host dedicated neuro-ICUs, including five (26%) that also admit pediatric patients, accounting for a total of 85 beds. In the remaining nine hospitals (47%), neurocritical care is delivered within general ICUs without dedicated beds. Continuous in-house neurosurgical coverage is available in 9 centers (47%), while the others rely on a 24/7 on-call model. All 19 centers (100%) report 24/7 availability of neurologists and neuroradiologists, either in-house or on call. However, access to advanced diagnostic and monitoring technologies remains heterogeneous across sites. Participating centers identified a clear need for standardized protocols and clinical pathways to improve care quality and support evidence-based practices. Priority areas defined by the clinicians include neuroprognostication, end-of-life care and donor management, pediatric neurocritical care, neurointerventional procedures, management of delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage, and post-discharge follow-up. To address these gaps, several multidisciplinary working groups have been established.

conclusionNeurocritical care in Lombardia remains highly heterogeneous, with bed availability significantly below international benchmarks. The establishment of a regional network seeks to enhance the quality and equity of care for neurocritical patients, while also fostering clinical research, data sharing, and multidisciplinary collaboration across centers.

Indexed as

Harmonizing neurointensive care neurointensive/neuroendovascular facilitiesIntegrated Trauma Care SystemItalian National Health SystemLombardia critical careNeurocritical careNeurocritical care networkRegional Health System

Identifiers

PMID41316387
PMCPMC12661755

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.