ArticleAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2026
Diabetes Mellitus is a Risk Factor for Hepatic Encephalopathy Following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.
Article in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Prediction of Post-TIPS Outcomes: Integrating Clinical, Biochemical, and Radiomics Data-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Navigating TIPS in the era of ageing and metabolic comorbidity: a contemporary narrative review of risk, resilience, and outcomes.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement effectively decreases portal pressure in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, many patients develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE) post-TIPS. We investigated the relation between the presence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the occurrence of HE following TIPS placement in patients with cirrhosis.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study all patients with cirrhosis who received a TIPS from 2007 through 2021 were included. Baseline characteristics and decompensating events including hospital admission for HE were recorded. In cases where hospital admission was required, HE was considered severe.
resultsIn total, 325 patients were included and 113 (34.8%) had DM at the time of TIPS placement. One hundred and fifty-one patients developed HE of whom 86 (57.0%) were hospitalised. The cumulative 6-month incidences of HE and severe HE were 45.2% (95% CI 39.5-51.8) and 25.1% (95% CI 20.2-31.3), respectively. Multivariable Cox regression with competing risk analyses demonstrated that DM was independently associated with the risk of both HE (aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08-2.26, p = 0.018) and severe HE (aHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-2.90, p = 0.026). These associations were independent of the relation between HE and age (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p < 0.001) or MELD-Na score (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.10, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThis study highlights the high incidence of HE following TIPS and shows that DM is a significant and independent risk factor for the development of HE. Given the increase in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated liver cirrhosis and DM, this study offers additional insights into the balance of risks and benefits associated with TIPS placement.
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