Enhancing sustainability in soldering: effects of recycled welding slag and rice husk ash on microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Sn-Cu composite solders.

H N Soliman, H Gassour, Mohamed Morsy, Amir Elzwawy, M Amin, M Ali

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

H N SolimanDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, PO Box 5101, Cairo, 11771, Egypt.

H GassourDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City, 44629, Egypt. hassan.gassour@hti.edu.eg.

Mohamed MorsyBuilding Physics and Environment Institute, Housing & Building National Research Center (HBRC), Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.

Amir ElzwawyRefractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Center (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.

M AminDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City, 44629, Egypt.

M AliDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City, 44629, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of a series of plain and composite lead-free solder systems (Sn-0.7Cu - xWS; Sn-0.7Cu - xRHA; x = 0, 6, and 12 wt%), as well as sustainable reinforcing solutions. The microstructural characteristics of the present alloys were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, thermal properties of the present composites were investigated utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Images obtained from the SEM demonstrate that welding slag (WS) and rice husk ash (RHA) nanoparticles are uniformly distributed within the composite material. The findings showed that the incorporation of WS and RHA nanoparticles markedly altered the microstructure of these alloys and improved their thermal and mechanical properties. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the Sn-0.7Cu-xRHA composites were superior to those of the Sn-0.7Cu-xWS composites. Additionally, compared to other composites, the Sn-0.7Cu-6RHA composites exhibited significantly higher levels of tensile strength and hardness, while the Sn-0.7Cu-12RHA composites revealed superior thermal characteristics. It also focused on the environmental benefits and potential challenges of using recycled agricultural waste and welding slag in Sn-0.7Cu solders from a life cycle assessment perspective.

Indexed as

Mechanical propertiesRecycled welding slagRice husk ashSolder alloysSustainable development

Identifiers

PMID41315838

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-27369-z

PMCPMC12672664

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