Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41315830›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

A fluorescence-off based approach for sensitive determination of bepotastine in pharmaceutical and biological matrices considering human safety aspects: sustainability assessment.

Badriah Saad Al-Farhan, Mohamed A M Ali, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Safaa F Saleh, Angum M M Ibrahim, Reem H Obaydo, Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Badriah Saad Al-FarhanChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9279-8827
Mohamed A M AliDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8217-0262
Anis Ahmad ChaudharyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1506-7836
Safaa F SalehPharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8978-4670
Angum M M IbrahimDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Rayan National College of Health Sciences and Nursing, PO Box 167, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2210-0769
Reem H ObaydoDepartment of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ebla Private University, Idlib, Syria. obaydo.reem@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1496-4612
Ahmed Abdulhafez HamadDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-7088-0723

Funding

Anis Ahmad Chaudhary This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501)Mohamed A. M. Ali This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A pioneering spectrofluorimetric approach was established to facilitate the precise and environmentally considerate measurement of Bepotastine (BPST), a pharmaceutical compound utilized as a novel anti-allergy treatment. The study presents a highly dependable, sensitive, and green analytical procedure for the investigation and validation of this drug. The described methodology capitalizes on the rapid electrostatic interaction that occurs between Eosin Y and Bepotastine, a non-hazardous dye approved for biological staining use, under somewhat acidic pH settings. This interaction leads to fluorescence quenching of the bio-dye, predominantly at an emission wavelength of 556 nm. Outstanding analytical considerations were achieved, including detecting and measuring thresholds of 30.8 ng/mL and 93.5 ng/mL, respectively, across the linear working range of 100-1900 ng/mL. Extensive optimization studies were conducted to refine the conditions impacting the complexation mechanism between molecules of both the drug and the bio-dye. Rigorous validation demonstrated full compliance with ICH standards, confirming the method's accuracy and precision. The developed method demonstrated high analytical accuracy, with recovery values ranging from 98.63% to 100.15% (relative error: -0.15-1.37%), and excellent precision, reflected by SD and RSD values < 2.0%. The method also exhibited remarkable ruggedness and robustness (RSD ≤ 1.64%), confirming its reliability and suitability for advanced analytical applications. This novel procedure was effectively employed for the evaluation of BPST in its raw state, pharmaceutical formulations, and various matrices. From an ecological viewpoint, the procedure was thoroughly assessed for sustainability using advanced green chemistry tools. Comprehensive evaluation using eight internationally recognized green assessment tools (Analytical Eco-Scale, AGREE, MoGAPI, ComplexMoGAPI, CaFRI, CACI, BAGI, and AGSA) confirmed the superior greenness and analytical reliability of the proposed method, establishing it as a sustainable and efficient choice for routine determination of bepotastine in pharmaceutical and biological samples.

Indexed as

PiperidinesPyridinesEosine Yellowish-(YS)FluorescenceFluorescent DyesHumansReproducibility of ResultsSpectrometry, FluorescenceEosine Yellowish-(YS)Fluorescent DyesPiperidinesPyridinesEosin y green sensorFluorescence-off strategyHuman safety integrationMeasurement of bepotastineMethod sustainability evaluation.

Identifiers

PMID41315830
PMCPMC12753727

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.