Observational studyInternational journal of obesity (2005)2026
The association between antibiotic use in infancy and overweight during childhood and adolescence: a historical cohort study.
Observational study in International journal of obesity (2005), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial-associated adverse events in neonates: an integrated literature review and FAERS pharmacovigilance analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prevalences and risk factors of overweight and obesity among kindergarten children in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveThe role of the microbiome and gut flora alterations in childhood obesity has drawn increasing scientific attention. However, large-scale, long-term cohort studies with real-world data on exposure and outcomes are lacking. We aimed to examine the association between exposure to antibiotics during infancy and the development of overweight and obesity during childhood and adolescence.
methodsWe conducted a historical cohort study using data from a large Israeli health provider (Maccabi Healthcare Services, MHS). Eligible patients born between 1998-2002 who received antibiotics before age 2 years were compared with unexposed infants. Valid body mass index (BMI) data were available for 76,840 eligible infants, including 65280 exposed to antibiotics (52.2% males) and 11,560 unexposed (46.1% males). Study outcomes were overweight and obesity during childhood/ adolescence.
resultsCompared to unexposed, antibiotic-exposed infants had significantly higher mean ( ± SE) BMI percentiles in all age groups: childhood (57.8 ± 0.1 vs 55.0 ± 0.2), early adolescence (58.2 ± 0.1 vs. 55.1 ± 0.3), and late adolescence (57.4 ± 0.2 vs. 55.0 ± 0.4), all p < 0.001. The odds of overweight and obesity versus unexposed infants increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the number of dispensed narrow-spectrum antibiotic packs, from an odds ratio of 1.15 (95%CI: 1.02-1.29) for 1-2 packs, to 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13-2.05) among those exposed to 10 or more packs. No such association was found for broad-spectrum antibiotics.
conclusionsExposure to narrow spectrum antibiotics during infancy was associated with a higher BMI and an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence.
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