ArticleScientific reports2025
Effect of boric acid on the color stability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed permanent resins.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of surface treatment protocols and thermocycling on the optical, surface, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured resin materials.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Cytocompatibility of boron nanoparticle-modified maxillofacial silicone elastomers: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of incorporating boric acid (BA) at different concentrations on the flexural strength, color stability, and microhardness of 3D-printed permanent crown resins. Disk-shaped specimens (15 × 2 mm) were fabricated for color stability and Vickers microhardness testing, and bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were prepared for flexural strength evaluation using a masked stereolithography (MSLA) printer. BA was incorporated into the resin at 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w). Flexural strength (n = 7 per group) was measured using a three-point bending test, microhardness (n = 7 per group) was assessed with the Vickers method, and color stability (n = 22 per group) was evaluated using ΔE₀₀ values at 3 time points: immediately after post-curing (T0), 30 min after post-curing (T1), and 60 min after post-curing (T2). Surface morphology was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc tests (α = 0.05). BA incorporation significantly affected flexural strength (p < 0.05), with the 3% BA group showing the highest mean value (177.92 ± 38.58 MPa), significantly higher than the control (p = 0.001), 1% (p = 0.002), and 2% (p = 0.011) groups. Microhardness showed an increasing trend with higher BA concentrations but did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Color stability was adversely affected by BA addition (p < 0.001), as ΔE₀₀ values increased progressively from T0 to T2, with the 3% BA group consistently exceeding both perceptibility (ΔE₀₀ > 0.8) and clinical acceptability thresholds (ΔE₀₀ > 1.8) at all time points. BA incorporation enhanced flexural strength in a concentration-dependent manner, while microhardness improvements were not statistically significant, and color stability was compromised at higher concentrations. BA-modified resins may be suitable for posterior restorations where mechanical performance is prioritized.
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