ArticleNature communications2025
Kinetically controlled hetero-fusion is a systems-level behaviour of polymer nanoparticle populations.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Spatially Encoded Protocell Network for Non-Cascaded Parallel Biocomputation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Particle fusion is key for establishing communication between biological components. For this reason, whole cell fusion plays a crucial role in many processes, including infection, muscle formation and tissue repair. Analogous co-assembly between synthetic nanoparticles represents a similar type of communication mechanism in artificial systems. Other approaches to control such co-assembly rely on incorporating anisotropic recognition units onto particle surfaces to provide a thermodynamic driving force. Here we present a fundamentally different approach, where hetero-fusion between two populations of undecorated polymer nanoparticles is regulated using kinetic control. Fusion extent is tuned simply by adjusting polymer chain length. Fusion is probed using an elemental tagging strategy for cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (cryo-STEM-EELS). Our results demonstrate the emergence of a complex process between populations of synthetic nanoparticles akin to communication. We anticipate such systems-level behaviour that results from hetero-fusion can enable future technologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.