Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41315144›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2026

Clinical Features of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: a Case Series from the 2024 Oregon Outbreak.

Keahi M Horowitz, Colleen P Cowdery, Robert G Hendrickson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Keahi M HorowitzOregon Poison Center, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park R, CSB 550, Portland, OR, 97239, United States of America. horowitz@ohsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0514
Colleen P CowderyOregon Poison Center, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park R, CSB 550, Portland, OR, 97239, United States of America.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7704-6908
Robert G HendricksonOregon Poison Center, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park R, CSB 550, Portland, OR, 97239, United States of America.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-3908

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn Spring 2024, Oregon experienced an outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning following ingestion of locally harvested mussels containing elevated saxitoxin concentrations. Prior outbreak reports either do not specify clinical timelines or document variable clinical courses making it difficult to risk stratify patients or determine appropriate clinical monitoring times. We examined cases from this outbreak for symptom progression information that might help guide Poison Center recommendations on management.

methodsThis was a retrospective chart review of cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning reported to the Oregon Poison Center during the outbreak timeframe. Cases were reviewed for time of symptom onset, duration of symptoms, timeline of symptom progression, symptom severity, disposition from the emergency department, need for ventilator support, and number of shellfish ingested.

resultsOf eighteen cases reported to the Oregon Poison Center that met the case definition, one was excluded due to insufficient clinical data. Of the seventeen remaining cases, symptom onset occurred as late as 3.5 hours after exposure. Nine cases demonstrated progression of symptoms after initial healthcare contact. All progression to severe symptoms occurred within 6 hours of ingestion. No case demonstrated symptomatic progression beyond 13 hours. There were no deaths. Thirteen cases had a documented number of shellfish ingested, and most had“moderate” symptoms.

conclusionThis case series demonstrated symptom onset up to 3.5 hours after exposure and significant symptom progression within 6 hours with no symptomatic progression beyond 13 hours. These data may be useful when considering monitoring and risk-assessment of future cases.

Indexed as

BivalviaDisease OutbreaksSaxitoxinShellfish PoisoningAdolescentAdultAgedAnimalsDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOregonPoison Control CentersRetrospective StudiesSaxitoxinBivalviaDisease outbreaksParalysisParalytic shellfish poisoningSaxitoxin

Identifiers

PMID41315144
PMCPMC12835469

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.